I have some views @Josh S, but I should caveat the following by saying that I’m not an experienced sand off-roader or Jeep driver! I do however have a technical background and have driven various car setups and terrains over the years.
I have a Jeep JK with a six speed manual and 3.8L engine, which is fairly notorious for being uninspiring at the best of times. The powerband really comes in above 3000 RPM - much less and you can easily start to have decaying RPM on an uphill section or soft sand, and sadly 5000 RPM is pretty much where you top out for power and torque; so the useful power window is narrow.
After my first few drives on sand (pre-Carnity) with this car, I was worried that I’d made a bad decision. On technical dunes it was incredibly difficult to drive slow enough in 4H to keep behind folk driving technical dunes, and on faster sections it was a continual swap between first and second car - often with shifts being required mid-manoeuvre! Hard work, not much fun.
I then did the bad thing - I did a drive in 4L. Wow…it was much easier; suddenly now third gear was my default starting gear and I had a lot more control available to me by coming up and down from there. Staying in the useful power band was easy. But…the transfer case really doesn’t want to be driving at high speed…you will kill the planetary gears eventually.
What that did was to set me off wondering why that is - and this is what I found.
- The default Jeep Wrangler Sport has a final drive ratio of 3.21 - so in order you have engine, transfer case, gearbox, final drive (ring and pinion), wheels. What this means is that the car is biased to have less RPM at high speed, whereas on sand (and given the gutless engine), we want more of the RPM at lower speed. Selecting 4L does that.
- The first gear on this particular JK is very long; it covers a really wide speed range. Coupled with a low final drive ratio, it makes it hard work…you can’t really crawl, and you end up sticking with first gear until quite high speed.
What can be done about this? Good news is that you have options.
You can change the final drive ratio to a variety of different options. This is quite common in the US where the rock-crawling crowd like to run really big tyres, and you need to shift the RPMs around.
I did some maths using the transmission data sheets, and what I found is that the golden 2/3/4th gears in 4L could be approximately replicated as 1/2/3 in 4H if I swapped the rack and pinion from 3.21 to 4.56. You can also go to 4.88 and 5.21 if you want your 4H first gear to be a crawling gear - the caution just being that you’ll be cruising on the highway at high RPMs (…as is often the case with engineering issues, you can only optimise for one thing at a time!).
Circa five thousand dirham later I now have a Jeep I enjoy driving on sand, and the lingering thought that I perhaps bought the wrong car in the first place…but we learn. This car isn’t my daily driver, so optimising it for the low end worked for me - and I just enjoy drifting along at 100-120kph on the main road.